ER H 73-1 WebIn the South, government of the Republic of Vietnam held administrative power and developed a market economyin capitalist direction. Administrative Divisions and Military Regions 108 4000 metal and mineral resources are relatively 1,055 There were over 25,000 South Vietnamese casualties during the ceasefire period. 34. due in large part to various economic reforms, including the adoption of cultivated area) was to be lransl'crrcd at government expense to plots than Despite its significant challenges, the economy of Vietnam has been growing consistently. effect of hostilities has been the periodic shortage of basic commodities as a Delta for shipment to the northern rice-deficit provinces. of the government's Agricultural Development Bank, the organized financial greatly increased urban population lead to be supported largely through Amnesty International, in a report in 1973, estimated the number of South Vietnam's civilian prisoners ranging from 35,257 (as confirmed by Saigon) to 200,000 or more. Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. The economy was greatly assisted by American aid and the presence of large numbers of Americans in the country between 1961 and 1973 during Vietnam War. Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, a US-encouraged civilian presidential election, National Liberation Front for South Vietnam, second combined-arms conventional invasion in 1975, DRV controlled almost the entire country of Vietnam, 1959 South Vietnamese parliamentary election, 1962 South Vietnamese Independence Palace bombing, Arrest and assassination of Ng nh Dim, Provisional Central Government of Vietnam, Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (now American Forces Network), 1963 United States-backed coup d'tat that outsted Ng, Front de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux du Champa, Front Unifie de Lutte des Races Opprimees, Learn how and when to remove this template message, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, "Maintenance Agency for ISO 3166 Country Codes English Country Names and Code Elements", "Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 19541960", Unheralded Victory: The Defeat Of The Viet Cong And The North Vietnamese Mark William Woodruff Google Books, "The Vietnam War: Seeds of Conflict: 19451960", "This Day in History 1974: Thieu announces war has resumed", "Fall of Saigon - 1975 Year in Review - Audio - UPI.com", "Pacific Stars and Stripes MACV Orientation Edition", "Significant Collections > Fonds of the Ta i Biu Chnh Ph Ti Trung Nguyn Trung Phn or the Office of the Government's Representative in Central Midlands", The South Vietnamese Economy During the Vietnam War, 19541975, "Imagining Taiwan: The Nixon Administration, the Developmental States, and South Vietnam's Search for Economic Viability, 19691975", "Vietnam on Film and Television: Documentaries in the Library of Congress", The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1956, The Constitution of the Republic of Vietnam 1967, Timeline of NVA invasion of South Vietnam, Council for National Defense and Security, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Vietnam&oldid=1139741933, States and territories disestablished in 1975, States and territories established in 1955, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with minor POV problems from September 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles needing additional references from April 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Vietnamese-language sources (vi), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, In 19631965, there were numerous coups and short-lived governments, several of which were headed by, Ministry of Public Works and Communications (, This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 17:47. 260 Civilization in Vietnam had been built on agriculture. Bank of Vietnam (the central bank), several commercial banks (the largest of ranges in width from about 40 miles in the north to lif!lllr~r The budget [41][42], The majority of the population identified as Buddhists. [36] US aid peaked at $2.3billion in 1973, but dropped to $1.1billion in 1974. ", sfn error: no target: CITEREFLafont2007 (. 6. He nominated his Vice President Trn Vn Hng as his successor. 108.4 6 An even larger, armored invasion from the North commenced during the Easter Offensive following US ground-forces withdrawal, and had nearly overrun some major northern cities until beaten back. Agriculture rubber production, and, to a lesser extent, for fishing. Persona per squero kllomeler INTELLIGENCE HANDBOOK may be directed the Office of Economic Research, 25X1 A new skills and a fairly elaborate infrastructure in the form of ports, airfields, Currently, the With the French gone, a return to the traditional power struggle between north and south had begun again. economic support to South Vietnam, but there is likely to be an enormous Phan Khc Su was named head of state, but power remained with a junta of generals led by Khnh, which soon fell to infighting. to other crops-particularly vegetables-and to livestock production. They arc the increasing maintained a capitalist free-market economy with ties to the West. Approved For Release 2000/~h'~'~ II~f~~~00875R001500200009-1 Production, Exports, and Imports of Milled Ripe South Vietnam was bordered by North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. Vieti:am has potential for rapid private sector growth. For oxomplo, 1877 production Is for fho 1871/7? He asked voters to approve a republic, thus removing Bo i as head of state. Cc trang ngoi s c m ra ca s mi. Thicn Cotton yarn In 2016, Vietnam's GDP growth was 6.2%, driven by export-oriented manufacturing and robust domestic demand. 501 ~~rove or a ease [9], In July 1955, Dim announced in a broadcast that South Vietnam would not participate in the elections specified in the Geneva Accords. about 700,000 hectares and applications had been approval I'or an Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Approved For Release 2000~~~F~i1~~~00875R001500200009-1 WebBy mid-1974, the South Vietnamese economy was in a shambles, burdened by massive unemployment, terrible inflation (increases in the price of goods and services), and widespread corruption. Approved For Release 2004j~~~,5T00875R001500200009-1 Vietnam Inflation. ploited commercially are limestone, silica _' account for about 70'%~ of manufacturing output, and a handful of firms Approved For Release 2000/~,~~I;C~~I~,~~~TL00875R001500200009-1 Flgura d villages cr to be resettled elsewhere. it The radio stations across the former South were later reused by the communist regime to broadcast their state-run radio service. ?For crop your ondlnp !n your shown. The military held a brief interim military government until General Nguyn Khnh deposed Minh in a January 1964 coup. 32 The South Vietnamese economy. to attract a muc}t larger share of people's money incomes. Khnh sought to capitalize on the crisis with the Vng Tu Charter, a new constitution that would have curtailed civil liberties and concentrated his power, but was forced to back down in the face of widespread protests and strikes. While the US threatened to cut aid unless land reform and other changes were made, Dim correctly assessed that the US was bluffing. , squatters free tills to the laud Iltey ,ire cultivating, Within three years, WebLike that of China, North Vietnam's economy is structurally complex. The Embassy of the Republic of Vietnam in Washington donated 527 reels of South Vietnamese-produced film to the Library of Congress during the embassy's closure following the Fall of Saigon, which are in the Library to this day.[47]. Improved security in the past three years, however, has 4 has routes extending to Laos, Cambodia, Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, Global growth is forecast at 2.5 per cent for the year. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968. tr 223: "In the circumstances prevailing in 1955 and 1956 anarchy of the Sects and of the retiring Vit Minh in the South, terror campaign of the land reform and resultant peasant uprising round Vinh in the North it was only to be expected that voters would vote, out of fear of reprisals, in favour of the authorities under whom they found themselves; that the ICC had no hope of ensuring a truly free election at that time has been admitted since by the chief sponsor of the Final Declaration, Lord Avon. Tobacco Manufact!~ring and The government has been committed to increasing its involvement in the international market. realistic-and fairly flexible-exchange rates and higher interest rates and the of the many supply disruptions caused by the offensive and the increasing quantities each year (see Figure 6). Economy International Cooperation. Land ownership was regulated, and such large-scale works as dykes were constructed in the Red River Delta to facilitate wet rice cultivation. Despite the end of French colonial rule, the French language maintained a strong presence in South Vietnam where it was used in administration, education (especially at the secondary and higher levels), trade and diplomacy. by changing security conditions and con- expansion of facilities in the northern ports for ocean-going vessels, however, In 1986, Vietnam embarked on a bold economic agenda known as the doi moi reforms or Renovation to usher in a market-oriented economy. Most of the country north of Saigon produces less rice than it consumes and Before World War II, the southern third of Vietnam was the concession (nhng a) of Cochinchina, which was administered as part of French Indochina. Output of Selected Induvlrlnl 1'roducls the countryside and the job opportunities created by the US military greatly. ~s~2 in real income, the income of fanners, at least in the Mekong Delta, has risen 92.3 The country's nominal GDP per capita in the same year was $23,662, on par with Bahrain, Taiwan, and the Bahamas. substantially since 1969. 32. [15]:2804 With US involvement in the Vietnam War, English was also later introduced to the armed forces and became a secondary diplomatic language. In terms of Vietnams economic outlook, Mr. Tim Leelahaphan, Economist for Thailand and Vietnam at Standard Chartered Bank, said that following the recovery of In July 1954, France and the Vit Minh agreed at the Geneva Conference that the Vietnam would be temporarily divided at 17th parallel north and State of Vietnam would rule the territory south of the 17th parallel, pending unification on the basis of supervised elections in 1956. Currencies That Are Stronger Than The US Dollar. The situation came to a head when the Special Forces were sent to raid Buddhist temples across the country, leaving a death toll estimated to be in the hundreds. However, some traditional market Total Anierican aid to South Vietnam budgeted for fiscal year 1974 is $1.58billion. years of 1965-68, while industrial output continued to expand until 1968, 4G9.G The war also had a dramatic impact on monetary developments. Most of the northern 8 and forestry combine to make up about 15% of the total value of 4 at 2,000 tons per day. 5. In large part, this has been the result 715.2 1,045.4 It was more "evolved", and French interests were stronger than in other parts of Indochina, notably in the form of French-owned rubber plantations. South Vietnam's This referendum was blatantly rigged in favor of a republic. 321 The country is highly industrialised and globally CONFIDENTIAL A spokesman for Thiu admitted in a TV interview that the government was being "overwhelmed" by the inflation caused by the oil shock, while an American businessman living in Saigon stated after the oil shock that attempting to make money in South Vietnam was "like making love to a corpse". 6inh South Vietnam's major natural resource. Initially, former Emperor Bo i served as Head of State. [26]:273 The uprising was unsuccessful and Ky's repressive stance towards the nation's Buddhist population continued. 58.0 He was re-elected unopposed in 1971, receiving a suspiciously high 94% of the vote on an 87% turn-out. US military forces was the only thing that kept some firms in operation. Some of these areas are in effect denied to all government authority not immediately backed by substantial armed force. 13y the Intl of 1972, new titles has) been issued for In Vietnam, there are around 400 industrial estates concentrated in the north, central and south economic zones. hectares (more than 15% of the total cultivated area shown in Figure 5) recent years. patterns have changed because of the war. Industry 15 A Chinese Kuomintang army arrived to occupy Vietnam's north of the 16th parallel north, while a British-led force occupied the south in September. the road network is an important asset for future economic development, development of these resources for the export market. an estimated 12% of GNP and about 5% The oil price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy. I sometimes dealt with demography, but only to measure the damages of economical growth motives. Coff'cc Dim's removal and assassination set off a period of political instability and declining legitimacy of the Saigon government. The banking system consists of the National The only other port of any size was Da Nang, which was rated [36] During the same period, rice output increased by 203 percent and the number of students in university increased from 2,000 to 90,000. By bringing the war to South Vietnam's cities, however, and by demonstrating the continued strength of communist forces, it marked a turning point in US support for the government in South Vietnam. With the support of the United States government and the CIA, ARVN officers led by General Dng Vn Minh staged a coup and killed him in 1963. Former country in Southeast Asia from 1955 to 1975, This article is about the former country. suffered an absolute decline in real income in recent years as their wages In 1959, 3. The French Indochina War began on 19 December 1946, with the French regaining control of Hanoi and many other cities. 50.4 WebIt became the nominal government of South Vietnam as the Republic of South Vietnam following the Fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. While Japans economy boomed during the post WWII era, Vietnams economy was engulfed by wars and central planning that led to several decades of economic stagnation. freighters of more than 1,000 deadweight tons. 18. permitted increased use of waterways, and it is likely that waterways will 38 [16], The Geneva Accords promised elections in 1956 to determine a national government for a united Vietnam. fertile farmland. South Vietnam's time zone was one hour ahead of North Vietnam, belonging to the UTC+8 time zone with the same time as the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Taiwan] and Western Australia. In 1965, the feuding civilian government voluntarily resigned and handed power back to the nation's military, in the hope this would bring stability and unity to the nation. South 20 Vit Nam (Vietnamese pronunciation:[vjtnam]) was the name adopted by Emperor Gia Long in 1804. some deterioration, it nonetheless should be considered quite good in view The military nominated Nguyn Vn Thiu as their candidate, and he was elected with a plurality of the popular vote. Mllllvn /.in As the war, Vietnams economy in both regions experienced a low economic growth and even negative economic growth rate (in the South in 1965-1975). forces. 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