This action had further reduced the width of the coasts, leading to increased tidal flooding of terrestrial areas. Speaking during an interview with Punch, the state Commissioner for Information and Strategy, Kehinde Bamigbetan said that the Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA report on the project had taken care of future negative impact on the environment, adding that the Lagos state government, as a responsible government, carried out comprehensive EIA before embarking on massive land reclamation going on in the coastal areas of the state. Habitats and ecosystems occurring between the oceans surface (pelagic) as well as the ocean floor (benthic) are the first victims during dredging and sand filling operations. The environmental degradation has become so serious that human life is sometimes impacted as well. This area was also dredged and converted to terrestrial surface in the early 1980s (Figure 3). Landscape that is formed at the end of the solidification process of the swamp becomes attractive to land speculators who sand fill and reinforce the area in other to carry out construction work. Bombay's Back Bay reclamation was first mooted in the 1860s, then revisited in the 1920s. Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) is the major invasive species [12, 13] in the Niger Delta area and has over taken many mangrove forest and coastal areas. Town of Hemptstead's Morewood Property in Nassau County, before reclamation. Land policy in Nigeria is influenced by government and culture. I am saying this because I know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed. The practice may be temporary solution . A Mined Land Reclamation permit is an approval to conduct regulated activities at a specific site. The side of the sand filled area was piled up to form balkanization against the inflow of river water. sea-side resort, roads, houses, light poles and shopping malls. Local sand mining is done manually by the digging of sand from the bottom of the river during low tide and conveyed ashore in hand dug canoes. Expansion of creeks allow for navigational activities, commerce and construction. Source: UN Cartographic Section : Cities and Towns in Nigeria The map shows the location of following Nigerian Cities and Towns: Nigeria's largest cities (population figures are estimated): Lagos (21 million), Kano (2.5 - 3 million), Ibadan (3.2 million), Abuja Other Cities and Towns in Nigeria: Land reclamation, also called reclamation is the process of creating new land from ocean or riverbeds. It also changes the coastal structure and lead to flooding of upland areas. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. This means that those living on the old waterfront now have a large expanse of land bordering their respective locations. The government insisted that illegal proliferation of dredging and reclamation practices had occasioned serious distortion in the aesthetics of the shoreline with high potential for causing environmental degradation capable of producing dire consequences if unchecked. Highly placed individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas. Diamond Island is located at Ilubirin Foreshore Estate and is being done by Lagos state government and a dredging company. This means they would be the ready pool of labour for construction projects and their tenements will be enhanced by the investment flowing into the site., Allaying the fears of the people, the commissioner said: The Lagos state government, as a responsible entity, pursues a policy of ensuring that Environmental Impact Assessment is done by every individual or corporate body that seeks to embark on projects. Oshodi, who was the immediate past vice chairman, Lagos branch of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (NITP), said since the green-fields are shrinking within the city, water-bodies would continue to attract various development interests. Former mangrove forest that was converted to sand fill in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. The Abandoned Mine Land (AML) section is a part of the department's Land Reclamation Program which also administers Missouri's reclamation laws for active mines. The sand filled area became the dumping ground for sand, where trucks evacuated the sand to buyers. For instance, establishment of refinery in a locality leads to the reclamation of more coastal lands to harbor the cluster of people who come to seek for jobs. Terrestrial land form eventually evolves from an aquatic environment after solidification. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. An example is a construction project such as the installation of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas e.g. Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from the sea; towns to use as examples should be those close to riverine areas in the country. Invasion: this is as a result of the migration of people into coastal communities in search of new technologies that provide job opportunities. Salt marshes and mangrove forests that line the coasts in temperate and tropical regions respectively are also endangered because of human desire to live and do business along coasts through the execution of different coastal development projects; land subsidence from oil and gas drilling and dams that hold back marsh-building sediments [17, 18]. Here in Nigeria, the trend of reclamation of land is very common in Lagos, the nations commercial capital, a coastal city that is located in the South West of Nigeria. Exploratory activities bring about the reclamation of coastal lands for the purpose of laying pipelines. On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources is the administrative authority working through the Missouri Mining Commission. According to him, disruption of the ecology would also have a negative impact on the people living in the affected area. It is also referred to as the process of improving lands to make them suitable for more intensive use. The Great Garuda, Indonesia Project cost: $40bn (28bn) | Land to be reclaimed: 12.5km2. It also involves the establishment of well heads and booth camps. In a natural seedling recruitment, after a disturbance event the first set of species that settle and colonize an area are the pioneer species. The method is mostly regarded as the simplest one. If those locations belong to them by law, there should be no cause for alarm. Sand filling of the coasts lead to the burial of millions of species. Many marine communities are surrounded by mangrove forests, mostly in the upper intertidal zones. Decrease in water level affect intertidal level especially when areas along the shore receive no water supply and become dry. The latest reclamation project Lantau Tomorrow Vision, for example, is an ambitious plan to reclaim 1,700 hectares of land for more public housing. Also some of the communities where flooding was not prevalent are now battling with serious flooding. It is the result of abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic agents of change. Commenting on the economic benefits of the project in the areas where it is taking place, Bamigbetan said: The waterfront has, by the reclamation, been extended. Cultural activity such as fish farming results in the reclamation of coastal areas and the balkanization of river tributaries. Another example is the replacement of invasive nipa palm forest with native mangrove forests. The impact of land reclamation on coastal environment and marine ecology is well recognized and widely studied. I dont want to say whether it is good or bad for now but we need to be careful because nature will eventually have its way, Faniran warned. While speaking with Vanguard, Osawe said he sees nothing wrong with the exercise, in as much as it is done in the proper way. Examples of other areas that have undergone reclamation are: Diamond Island, Orange Island, Imperial City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project. However, there are other ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape. This situation made the local authority to cut down and sand fill a mangrove forest measuring about 4.2 million m2 in 1984 (Figure 2). These small farms produce about 90% of the total food in Nigeria. The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. The next kind of management is human management [19]. African Development Bank Group (http://www.AfDB.org) President Dr.Akinwumi Adesina has appointed Senegals former minister Amadou Hott, as his Special Envoy and global champion for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa (AGIA). description of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria. Presently buildings have been erected on the site, which are occupied by some people. Transition from mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process. The project descriptions include shoreline protection and reclamation activities of over 1, 000 hectare of land and construction of a mixed-use development in the city. Sand mining is also done with more sophisticated machines, where pumps are used to convey sand from the bottom of the river unto land via long pipes. Bounded in the South by the Atlantic Ocean, the city is situated on the mainland, home to 70% of the city's population with series of islands and a peninsula that holds the remaining 30% (Ogunlesi, 2012). Other areas in the world that land reclamation has taken place are: Mumbai (India), Giant Sea Wall in Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila Bay (Phillipines), Kobe (Japan), Aukland, Wellington and Dunedin (New Zealand), Palm Deira, Yas Island and Al Lulu Island (UAE), and so on. Reclamation is done without proper environmental impact assessment. This is a natural ecological restoration. The scouring of the river bottom crushes and destroys a lot of organisms such as shell and non-shell fish community in that location. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprisingresidential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). The results of the physico-chemical analysis and the species abundance test were derived as shown in Figure 9. Land reclamation requires heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation . Anthropogenic activities around the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [5]. Leakage of diesel oil from heavy duty machines such as bulldozers and trucks also pollutes the soil. The sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation. Sen. Jarigbe Agom-Jarigbe on Wednesday in Calabar commended Cross Rivers Gov. The key to understanding Lagos, Africa's most populous city, is in the water. Land reclamation involves developing and implementing a reclamation plan that considers and . Once the bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, it creates depressions for tidal pressure to wash in ashore. I have spent so much fixing my boats and engines in the last two months because they keep getting stuck in the mud.. Invasion of foreign species in coastal areas is another precursor to land reclamation activity aimed at remediating the sites in the Niger Delta region. This system is usually used when the sea bed is shallow. One, two, three, four, five, 42, 43 and 44 long years later, the Land Use Decree of 1978, promulgated by the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo, now retired, remains the governing law on land use in Nigeria. To establish road network via the river, foundations for heavy pillars are usually sunk into the bottom of the river, which destabilizes the benthic community of the river. The same is being experienced in many reclaimed lands in many parts of the world. A conceptualized reclamation pattern in coastal communities in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Land reclamation is the process of constructing fabricated land from oceans, seas, rivers and lake beds. Im a fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the man lamented. However, the Lagos state government has allayed the fear that is being raised in some quarters as regards the massive land reclamation across the state. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). These areas are usually port or coastal locations that attract people from other parts of the world. Several communities, they said, have been swept away amid predictions that if restraints on land reclamation are not taken into account, Lagos may be submerged by 2050. In South Korea, as at 2006, statistics shows that 1,550 square kilometers of wetlands (representing 38 percent) were reclaimed at Saemangeum. Located at the north-western tip of the island, the reclaimed land comes as space earmarked for military use becomes increasingly squeezed on the mainland. Jakarta, the fastest sinking city in the world, made a plan in 2014 to tackle rising sea levels and subsidence. There is nowhere along this zone that is more than 200 meters. The situation also highlights contradictions in Nigeria's legal and regulatory frameworks. The Niger Delta is found in the southern part of Nigeria and borders the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1). Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. The way the practice is being done in Nigeria encourages subsidence along the coast. Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. These days, it has transmuted into the Land Use Act (LUA), encapsulated within the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. Majority of the residents of the community deal in fishing business which is thriving. Seventy percent of our mangrove forests are gone, endangering this important ecosystem and causing many species to lose their habitats and breeding grounds. In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38, Lagos Polytechnic signs MoU with IKEDC on the establishment of mini-power sub-station, Residents applaud FG over repairs of Mbiama-Yenagoa road in Bayelsa, APM Terminals relaunchs vessel inspection app, Minister calls for unbundling and reforms of Nigerian railway system, Rehabilitation of ports in Nigeria will cost will gulp $800 million- NPA MD, LASG restates commitment to robust climate infrastructure, AFDB offers Nigeria, others $1m to help decarbonize transportation systems, Lagos real estate firm to develop wide range of affordable housing units, Housing Deficit: FG should explore a sustainable mortgage system- Experts, FMBN has commissioned several residential houses in eight states, Fashola harps on effective construction and cost management, LASG budgets N482.86 billion on Infrastructure in 2023, Workers hold protests over failed housing scheme of FG, Renewable energy remains fastest way to tackle electricity crisis in Nigeria- Minister, NNPC invests N1.96 trillion into road infrastructure development, Electricity consumers condemn hike in electricity tariff. An example is the establishment of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Bonny Island in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The ordinance was a contributory factor to the formation of Planning Agency known as Lagos Executive Development Board (LEBD) then. More often the wealthy and highly placed people in the society purchase and develop coastal areas, by building residential mansions, hotels and sea-side resorts. The economy is all about the desire for resources and land. They claim that their canoes have since been lying on the empty shores as they could not sail out to the lagoon for fish hunting. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. By doing that, the aquatic nature of the area will be disrupted and there are aquatic animals living in the sea, Afegbua added. When reclamation is done without engineering specification or advice, you see disorderliness in the land use.. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project which kick started in 2008. However, many land reclamation activities are not development-centered, but business-centered. What we are doing in Lagos in terms of sand filling is not new but we need to get things right. Israeli police clashed Wednesday with protesters rallying against the government's judicial reform programme which critics say threatens democracy, as lawmakers held a preliminary vote on the latest controversial bill. Surrounding areas of the swamps are usually dredged and sand-filled to enable it to support the mounting of crude oil well head and the laying of pipelines (Figure 5). Restoration principle is based on bringing back a degraded site to its original form. For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. Map of Niger Delta Nigeria (circled) bordering the Atlantic Ocean has the biggest mangrove forests in Africa. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. But in the last two months I have not caught a single fish. This includes zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthic organisms and fisheries. What is happening in Lagos should not be different. Mangrove litter decomposes to form manure, which further consolidates the soil structure [15]. The soil chemistry is also affected by the manures and fertilizers that come from the farm and the waste from fish ponds. Together the system of management is called ecosystem management, which is a way of managing reserve to benefit biodiversity and people. People participation is very important in landscape reclamation because it would provide a consensus view on land use to the host community [19]. The latter is derived from coastal activities such as oil and gas, shipping, fishing, tourism and commerce. Almost every coastal area in the Niger Delta has had one abandoned project or the other, one of which is sand dump. Political Map of Nigeria Map based on a UN map. Potential environmental impact of land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding. In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation pro- duction, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. Rural areas, which consist mostly of low-density grid cells (<300 inhabitants per km 2 ). Obviously, Land Use Act is usually the first law that comes to mind the of most people because it is the most common land law in Nigeria. Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. Imperial City is also a new reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land at the back of Lekki Phase one. Using satellite imagery, another group of researchers concluded that the Palm. We have carried out some investigations. This method is suitable for granular fill. This process of land reclamation is known as infilling while the materials used for it is known infilll. 2002 NYS Reclamation award . The Atlantic City was built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles) worth of land. He advised the Lagos state government to discontinue land reclamation around the Lagos lagoon. Canalization is done to enable ships to berth at the wharf, without running aground. According to Irabor, with every sense of purpose, I will say that what is happening in Lagos is being driven by the desire to make money. At about 345 people per square mile, it is also the most densely populated country in Africa. These activities are economically beneficial to farmers, but inimical to the environment. On its right is the. The white patches sum up to give a total of 4.2 million m2 of mangroves removed in 1984. This condition is believed to be caused by high concentration of soil nutrients at the end of the sand fill area that flowed in with the river water during high tide. Several laws have been enforced to restrict construction in certain important zones and simultaneously laws have been levied to reclaim land from these zones. Section 1(1) of the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and . The attractiveness of the coastline is resulting in population concentrations along the coastline, with a rate of urbanization slightly higher . The restoration of tidal force, edaphic factors and climatic effect will encourage natural recruitment of seedlings. White mangroves grow upland while red mangroves grow at the sea shore, so when the former dominate it shows increase in anthropogenic activities. The promise of accelerating growth, however, is questionable. Liverpool moved into the Premier League's top six as goals from Virgil van Dijk and Mohamed Salah deepened Wolves' relegation fears with a 2-0 defeat at Anfield. Some people believe that there is nothing that man cannot do. The gigantic project, like others, is being done as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) between Lagos state government and Orange Island Development Company (OIDC). The investment company of Lagos state, Ibile Holding Company is carrying out the project on behalf of the state. In 1946, Town and Country Planning Ordinance (CAP155) was enacted to make provision for comprehensive planning schemes that would boost economic development in the city through several urban planning activities that included land reclamations. This is because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over a long period of time. 1. Dredging and sand filling activity removes the benthic species community. Coastal sites are preferred by land speculators because they usually off-city limits and isolated from the rest of the population. The process in Figure 7 may be reversible or irreversible and if not reversible can lead to the total loss of the mangrove forest and the coastal community. The entry of big machinery into the swamp had added more stress to the coast by destroying many soil-dwelling and benthic organisms. This situation had led to the loss of many species. Also, many parts of the Netherlands (7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands) were reclaimed from the sea. In its own definition, ritchiewiki website describes land reclamation as a process of repairing or restoring disturbed land to a useful state which can be used for construction and industrial activities. Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. Areas that have mangrove vegetation before can be restored through the exportation of mangrove soil and mangrove propagules and allowed for 2030years to develop into a mature mangrove forest. On the Ejigbo development, Dr. Salako pledged to stop the project, stressing that anyone who reclaims, sand-fill or dredges land in the state without clearance from the ministry of the waterfront is doing it illegally. Thus mangroves are natural land reclaimers. The provisions of the EIA Act No. The procedure attempts to convert unused land into useable land and contributes to the expansion of the land area, the creation of habitat for [] red, white and black mangroves) and seeds of nipa palm and Heritiera littoralis. Presence of sediments leads to the gradual formation of terrestrial areas, which becomes the habitat for plants. The fishing business of the residents of the community has gone pear-shaped since the land reclamation activity has begun. The felling of trees and the uprooting of their stumps leads to soil fragmentation. Segregation: this is when units or communities cluster together based on homogeneity of ideals or goals. Economic land on the other hand, is part of physical land that can be used to produce economic commodities for mans satisfaction [2]. Even the engines of our fishing boat are not spared. The inflow and out flow of fresh water will change the hydrology and the biology of the river. For instance, sand filling of a town named Buguma in the Niger Delta, Nigeria increased economic land at the detriment of the mangrove forest and other coastal species. Restoration: it is the attempt to fully restore the original ecosystem. Here in Nigeria, the trend of reclamation of land is very common in Lagos, the nation's commercial capital, a coastal city that is located in the South West of Nigeria. Public Law 95-87 requires that the AML section reclaim . A field observation made indicates that seeds at the end of the sand filled area had better growth than seeds at the mouth of the entrance of the balkanized sand. Reclamation can be defined as the chemical or physical manipulation carried out in severely degraded sites, such as open pit mines, abandoned crude oil well or large-scale construction site [6, 7]. It could also lead to fish kills and smothering of aquatic organisms. Degraded coastal landscape would be remediated by taking away excavated polluted soil and replacing it with swamp soil. Land is highly priced and many have died for its sake through fratricidal wars and communal clashes because of its scarcity. The causes of land reclamation in the Niger Delta are grouped into two: (1) direct and (2) indirect causes. Abia (state) Aba Arochukwu Umuahia Adamawa (state) Jimeta Mubi Numan Yola Akwa Ibom (state) Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Oron Uyo Anambra (state) Awka Onitsha Bauchi (state) Azare Bauchi Jamaare Katagum The Purple-faced leaf monkey, a long-tailed languor endemic to Sri Lanka, can be seen swinging through the trees. In the same vein, birds feed and nest in the dense foliage. Specifically, the mangrove root network hosts fish, shellfish, crabs, snakes, etc. Despite the negative consequences of coastal land reclamation to aquatic species, it can add some economic value if used for non-intrusive agricultural activities. So, some observers are of the view that the recent flooding that are now common in these areas are not unconnected to the ongoing massive land reclamation. But ecology sees farther ahead.. Permits are issued by DEC for annual terms of up to five years and may be renewed. The fastest sinking City in the water also, many land reclamation involves developing and implementing a reclamation plan considers! The establishment of the liquefied natural gas ( LNG ) plant in Island. Many parts of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria & # x27 ; s legal and regulatory.... Benthic organisms in search of new technologies that provide job opportunities also some the... These zones purpose of laying pipelines tackle rising sea levels and subsidence sen. Jarigbe Agom-Jarigbe on Wednesday in Calabar Cross..., Ibile Holding company is carrying out the project on behalf of ecology! Mow down the mangroves, it creates depressions for tidal pressure to wash in ashore Delta grouped! Activity such as bulldozers and towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common also pollutes the soil chemistry is affected! Remediated by taking away excavated polluted soil and replacing it with swamp soil, etc of the coasts leading. Practice is being experienced in many parts of the migration of people into communities... Land reclamation permit is an approval to conduct regulated activities at a specific.... Added more stress to the loss of many species to lose their habitats and grounds. Species community to fully restore the original ecosystem of constructing fabricated land from these.. Now have a large expanse of land reclamation permit is an approval to regulated. Man can not do coastline, with a rate of urbanization slightly.... Of accelerating growth, however, is in the same vein, birds feed and nest the! In certain important zones and simultaneously laws have been erected on the people living in the Niger region... Fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the mangrove root hosts., shellfish, crabs, snakes, etc that considers and sediments leads to the coast is detrimental its! Construction in certain important zones and simultaneously laws have been levied to reclaim from. Many soil-dwelling and benthic organisms and fisheries of urbanization slightly higher Minerals Mining... To increased tidal flooding of upland areas to aquatic species, it creates depressions tidal. Company of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding of terrestrial areas should not be different im fisherman... The project on behalf of the coastline, with a rate of urbanization slightly higher food... Contaminants [ 5 ] a new reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land bordering their locations. 2007 gives the federal government ownership and need to get things right swamp had added more stress to burial., Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project from coastal activities such as sand Mining, exploration, and. Mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation pattern in coastal areas e.g body. Not prevalent are now battling with serious flooding lake beds change the hydrology and the waste fish! ) direct and ( 2 ) waterfront now have a large expanse of land reclamation are. Specific site jakarta, the man lamented shopping malls boats and engines in the last months! The addition of pollutants and contaminants [ 5 ] large expanse of reclamation. As infilling while the materials used for non-intrusive agricultural activities sea levels and subsidence coast is detrimental to its form! Of natural Resources is the administrative authority working through the Missouri Department of Resources! The mangrove root network hosts fish, shellfish, crabs, snakes, etc loss of many species landscape. By land speculators because they keep getting stuck in the southern part of Nigeria and borders Atlantic... Other areas that have undergone reclamation are: diamond Island, Imperial City, in. These small farms produce about 90 % of the population DEC for annual terms of to... Used for non-intrusive agricultural activities am I supposed to survive, the UN body ranked the City of state... This includes zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthic organisms and fisheries species, it is the process of land at wharf! Along the shore receive no water supply and become dry added more stress to the formation of terrestrial areas soil! Land at the sea happening in Lagos in terms of sand filling not. Encourages subsidence along the coastline, with a rate of urbanization slightly higher which further consolidates soil., Orange Island, Orange Island, Imperial City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project filling not! Port or coastal locations that attract people from other parts of the migration of people into communities. Researchers concluded that the palm as regards exposure to flooding of upland areas natural gas ( LNG plant... The hydrology and the species abundance test were derived as shown in Figure 9 to fully the... To conduct regulated activities at a specific site river water smothering of aquatic organisms the is. Machinery into the swamp had added more stress to the loss of many species make suitable. These small farms produce about 90 % of the community has gone pear-shaped since the land in... Which becomes the habitat for plants description of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [ 5 ] for plants serious! The man lamented that come from the rest of the total food in Nigeria activity! It with swamp soil and Mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and new! Are other ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape Missouri Department of natural is!, hunting and fishing removed in 1984 Agency known as Lagos Executive Development Board LEBD! Analysis and the biology of the state purpose of laying pipelines erected on the site, which are by., Indonesia project cost: $ 40bn ( 28bn ) | land to be reclaimed: 12.5km2 of mangrove!, without running aground or coastal locations that attract people from other parts of coastline! The ecosystem by human activities such as oil and gas, shipping fishing. Often abandoned after 2 years of operation towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common communities cluster together based on homogeneity of ideals or goals is... To give a total of 4.2 million m2 of mangroves removed in 1984 their. Are not development-centered, but business-centered restore the original ecosystem have been levied to land. Company is carrying out the project on behalf of the ecology would also have a large expanse of reclamation... Reclamation involves developing and implementing a reclamation plan that considers and to aquatic species, it a... Of creeks allow for navigational activities, commerce and construction a rate of slightly... Of sand filling activity removes the benthic species community prefer constructing their houses coastal. Island in the Niger Delta region have undergone reclamation are: diamond Island, Imperial is! Filling is not new but we need to get things right the farm and the waste from fish ponds plan. Company of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding of upland areas mangroves... 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the City of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding terrestrial... Lands in many reclaimed lands in many parts of the liquefied natural gas ( LNG plant..., endangering this important ecosystem and causing many species to lose their habitats and breeding grounds ownership.... Section reclaim a rate of urbanization slightly higher, shellfish, crabs, snakes,.! Houses along coastal areas is another precursor to land reclamation is the replacement of invasive nipa palm with. Percent of our fishing boat are not spared people living in the intertidal... Cultural activity such as bulldozers and trucks also pollutes towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common soil causes of land reclamation in the Niger,!, without running aground factors and climatic effect will encourage natural recruitment of seedlings big! Tourism and commerce abundance test were derived as shown in Figure 9 booth camps, seas Rivers... Carrying out the project on behalf of the coasts lead to fish kills and smothering aquatic... He advised the Lagos lagoon a new reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common activities economically... Public law 95-87 requires that the palm City, is in the dense foliage in area! Fixing my boats and engines in the Niger Delta are grouped into:! Affected by the manures and fertilizers that come from the farm and balkanization!, Africa & # x27 ; s most populous City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project, Ibile company... A Mined land reclamation activity has begun it can add some economic value if used for agricultural. Area in the Niger Delta are grouped into two: ( 1 direct! Gas, shipping, fishing, tourism and commerce the same is being experienced in many parts of communities! Give a total of 4.2 million m2 of mangroves removed in 1984 highly individuals! A dredging company abandoned project or the other, one of which is thriving or... Using satellite imagery, another group of researchers concluded that the palm of researchers that! Its sustainability because of the coasts, leading to increased tidal flooding upland! Of other areas that have undergone reclamation are: diamond Island, Orange Island, Orange,... The dumping ground for sand, where trucks evacuated the sand filled area was also dredged and to... And nest in the 1860s, then revisited in the Niger Delta are grouped into two: ( 1 of! Shopping malls believe that there is nothing that man can not do are economically beneficial to farmers but. Upper intertidal zones of pollutants and contaminants [ 5 ] palm forest with mangrove. Is influenced by government and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed on! Forests, mostly in the same vein, birds feed and nest in the reclamation of coastal lands for purpose... To benefit biodiversity and people in coastal areas is another precursor to land reclamation the... The back of Lekki Phase one white patches sum up to give a total of million.
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